Screens & Learning Action Kit
References
Artificial Intelligence and Education
  1. Bender, E. M. (2023, October 6). Opening remarks on “Ai in the workplace: New crisis or longstanding challenge.” Medium. https://medium.com/@emilymenonbender/opening-remarks-on-ai-in-the-workplace-new-crisis-or-longstanding-challenge-eb81d1bee9f  
  2. Bharade, A. (2023, April 4). A widow is accusing an AI chatbot of being a reason her husband killed himself. Business Insider. https://www.businessinsider.com/widow-accuses-ai-chatbot-reason-husband-kill-himself-2023-4?op=1  
  3. Boninger, F., Molnar, A., & Barbour, M. K. (2020, September 24). Issues to consider before adopting a digital platform or learning program. National Education Policy Center. https://nepc.colorado.edu/publication/virtual-learning  
  4. Eos. (2024, February 28). Eos and intentional futures launch mission-driven AI use case rubric. Home -. https://eoschools.org/eos-and-intentional-futures-launch-mission-driven-ai-use-case-rubric/  
  5. Hicks, M. T., Humphries, J., & Slater, J. (2024, July 11). Chatgpt is bullshit – ethics and information technology. SpringerLink. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10676-024-09775-5  
  6. Mull, A. (2023, April 28). Chatbots sound like they’re posting on linkedin. The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2023/04/ai-chatbots-llm-text-generator-information-credibility/673841/  
  7. Neil Postman’s 6 questions (+1 from me). LibrarianShipwreck. (2014, January 13). https://librarianshipwreck.wordpress.com/2013/02/14/neil-postmans-6-questions-1-from-me/  
  8. O’Brien, M., & Press, T. A. (2023, August 1). Tech experts are starting to doubt that CHATGPT and A.I. “hallucinations” will ever go away: “this isn’t fixable.” Fortune. https://fortune.com/2023/08/01/can-ai-chatgpt-hallucinations-be-fixed-experts-doubt-altman-openai/  
  9. Public Broadcasting Service. (2019a, December 27). Crash course: Artificial intelligence. PBS. https://www.pbs.org/video/the-future-of-artificial-intelligence-20-pbq7fm/  
  10. Thorbecke, C. (2023, June 1). National Eating Disorders Association takes its AI chatbot offline after complaints of “harmful” advice | CNN business. CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2023/06/01/tech/eating-disorder-chatbot/index.html  
  11. What is Artificial Intelligence (AI)?. ISO. (2024, January 31). https://www.iso.org/artificial-intelligence/what-is-ai#:~:text=change%20our%20world%3F-,What%20is%20artificial%20intelligence%3F,%2FIEC%2022989%3A2022%5D. 
  12. YouTube. (2024, April 30). The Difference Between Great AI and Great Teaching with Dan Meyer. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iH4Pn4bpOfQ
Benefits of Pencil and Paper
  1. The edtech triangle. Everyschool.org. (n.d.-a). https://www.everyschool.org/the-edtech-triangle
  2. Vinci‐Booher, S., & James, K. H. (2020). Visual experiences during letter production contribute to the  development of the neural systems supporting letter perception. Developmental Science, 23(5), e12965. https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.12965
  3. Van Der Weel, F. R. (Ruud), & Van Der Meer, A. L. H. (2024). Handwriting but not typewriting leads to widespread brain connectivity: A high-density EEG study with implications for the classroom. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1219945. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1219945
  4. Longcamp, M., Zerbato-Poudou, M.-T., & Velay, J.-L. (2005). The influence of writing practice on letter recognition in preschool children: A comparison between handwriting and typing. Acta Psychologica, 119(1), 67–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2004.10.019
  5. Hill, Amelia. (2018, February 25). Children struggle to hold pencils due to too much tech, doctors say. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/society/2018/feb/25/children-struggle-to-hold-pencils-due-to-too-much-tech-doctors-say
  6. Ihara, A. S., Nakajima, K., Kake, A., Ishimaru, K., Osugi, K., & Naruse, Y. (2021). Advantage of Handwriting Over Typing on Learning Words: Evidence From an N400 Event-Related Potential Index. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 15, 679191. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2021.679191
  7. Mueller, P. A., & Oppenheimer, D. M. (2014). The Pen Is Mightier Than the Keyboard: Advantages of Longhand Over Laptop Note Taking. Psychological Science, 25(6), 1159–1168. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797614524581
  8. Flanigan, A. E., Wheeler, J., Colliot, T., Lu, J., & Kiewra, K. A. (2024). Typed Versus Handwritten Lecture Notes and College Student Achievement: A Meta-Analysis. Educational Psychology Review, 36(3), 78. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-024-09914-w
  9. Støle, H., Mangen, A., & Schwippert, K. (2020). Assessing children’s reading comprehension on paper and screen: A mode-effect study. Computers & Education, 151, 103861. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2020.103861
  10. Delgado, P., Vargas, C., Ackerman, R., & Salmerón, L. (2018). Don’t throw away your printed books: A meta-analysis on the effects of reading media on reading comprehension. Educational Research Review, 25, 23–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2018.09.003
  11. Mangen, A., Olivier, G., & Velay, J.-L. (2019). Comparing Comprehension of a Long Text Read in Print Book and on Kindle: Where in the Text and When in the Story? Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 38. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00038
  12. Zivan, M., Vaknin, S., Peleg, N., Ackerman, R., & Horowitz-Kraus, T. (2023). Higher theta-beta ratio during screen-based vs. printed paper is related to lower attention in children: An EEG study. PLOS ONE, 18(5), e0283863. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0283863
  13. Ackerman, R., & Goldsmith, M. (2011). Metacognitive regulation of text learning: On screen versus on    paper. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 17(1), 18–32. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022086
  14. Wästlund, E., Reinikka, H., Norlander, T., & Archer, T. (2005). Effects of VDT and paper presentation on consumption and production of information: Psychological and physiological factors. Computers in Human Behavior, 21(2), 377–394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2004.02.007
Building Foundations For Education
  1. Cherkin, E. (2024). The Impact of Technology On The Developing Child. https://www.waldorftoday.com/2014/06/the-impact-of-technology-on-the-developing-child/ 
  2. Five senses mindfulness walk. Kikori Web App. (n.d.-a). https://webapp.kikoriapp.com/activity_detail/5ef650d1167f6e765db50e75 
  3. Healthy education – why screens in schools failed and what to do now to create solid foundations for literacy and learning. Moving to Learn. (2023, August 2). https://movingtolearn.ca/healthy-education-why-screens-in-schools-failed-and-what-to-do-now-to-create-solid-foundations-for-literacy-and-learning/ 
  4. How it works. Kikori. (n.d.). https://www.kikoriapp.com/how-it-works 
  5. Nature check-in. Kikori Web App. (n.d.-b). https://webapp.kikoriapp.com/activity_detail/5e933189c59de9797d190f6a 
  6. Outdoor art: The benefits and beauty of impermanent creation. Kikori Web App. (n.d.-c). https://webapp.kikoriapp.com/activity_detail/67SiUtSlGAmFYNjMfGnb 
  7. Simply draw: Nature drawing. Kikori Web App. (n.d.-d). https://webapp.kikoriapp.com/activity_detail/RU8bhwjSXdAmDyVADXGF 
  8. Three-person trust walk. Kikori Web App. (n.d.-e). https://webapp.kikoriapp.com/activity_detail/A9NjC56sC4aWdKrxjinP  
EdTech Fact vs Fiction
  1. EdReports.org. EdReports. (n.d.). https://www.edreports.org/ 
  2. Gadi, L. (2018, February 27). Adverse physiological and psychological effects of screen time on children and adolescents: Literature review and case study. Environmental research. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29499467/ 
  3. Hinkley, W. (2024, May 31). Benefits of using pencil and paper in math: Reboot foundation. REBOOT FOUNDATION | Promoting and developing critical thinking tools and resources. https://reboot-foundation.org/pencil-and-paper-in-math/ 
  4. Mangen, A. (2013, January 5). Reading linear texts on paper versus Computer Screen. https://educacion.udd.cl/files/2017/05/MI_MAngen-et-al-2012-Reading-linear-texts-on-paper-versus-computer-screen-effects-on-reading.pdf 
  5. NAEP long-term trend assessment results: Reading and Mathematics. The Nation’s Report Card. (2023). https://www.nationsreportcard.gov/highlights/ltt/2023/ 
  6. The screentime consultant: Unplug edtech toolkit. The Screentime Consultant | Unplug EdTech Toolkit. (n.d.). https://thescreentimeconsultant.com/unplug-edtech-toolkit
  7. Tara García Mathewson, S. B. (2021, May 10). Ed tech companies promise results, but their claims are often based on shoddy research. The Hechinger Report. https://hechingerreport.org/ed-tech-companies-promise-results-but-their-claims-are-often-based-on-shoddy-research/
Eliminating 1:1 Programs K-5
  1. Bushweller, K. (2023, July 25). What the massive shift to 1-to-1 computing means for schools, in charts. Education Week. https://www.edweek.org/technology/what-the-massive-shift-to-1-to-1-computing-means-for-schools-in-charts/2022/05 
  2. Kuykendall09/27/22, K. (2022, September 27). New data: Nearly half of schools providing home internet access to students who need it this school year. THE Journal. https://thejournal.com/articles/2022/09/27/nearly-half-of-schools-providing-home-internet-access-to-students-who-need-it-this-school-year.aspx
  3. Touré-Tillery, M., & Wang, L. (2022, August 3). Research: We make more virtuous choices when using pen and paper. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2022/08/research-we-make-more-virtuous-choices-when-using-pen-and-paper
Opting Out of EdTech
  1. Cerniglia, L. (2020, December 6). What are the effects of screen time on emotion regulation and … https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1476718X20969846 
  2. Cherkin, E. (n.d.). The screentime consultant: Unplug edtech toolkit. The Screentime Consultant | Unplug EdTech Toolkit. https://thescreentimeconsultant.com/unplug-edtech-toolkit 
  3. Digital Dystopia: The danger in buying what the EDTECH surveillance industry is selling. American Civil Liberties Union. (2024, April 3). https://www.aclu.org/publications/digital-dystopia-the-danger-in-buying-what-the-edtech-surveillance-industry-is-selling 
  4. EdTech top 40: K-12 Edtech engagement:  Learnplatform by Instructure. Instructure. (n.d.). https://www.instructure.com/edtech-top40?CampaignID=7013m000000Wrj7AAC&utm_source=INST&utm_medium=PR&utm_id=7013m000000Wrj7AAC 
  5. Home. EdTech Law Center. (2024, October 1). https://edtech.law/ 
  6. Internet Safety Labs. (2024, October 24). 2022 US K12 EdTech Benchmark. https://internetsafetylabs.org/resources/reports/2022-us-k12-edtech-benchmark/#:~:text=In%202022%2C%20ISL%20performed%20a,in%20the%20sample%20of%20schools .
  7. Report, G., Global Education Monitoring Report TeamSouth-East Asian Ministers of Education Organization, Team, G. E. M. R., Global Education Monitoring Report TeamRestless Development, & Global Education Monitoring Report TeamCommonwealth of Learning. (2023, January 1). Technology in education. UNESCO.org. https://www.unesco.org/gem-report/en/technology
  8. Reports. Internet Safety Labs. (n.d.). https://internetsafetylabs.org/resources/reports/
Organizing Parents on a School Level
  1. All kids deserve a phone-free school. PhoneFree Schools Movement. (2024). https://phonefreeschoolsmovement.org/ 
  2. Carnegie Corporation of New York. (2021, June 23). How schools can practice family engagement to dismantle longstanding educational inequities: Family & Community engagement. https://www.carnegie.org/our-work/article/how-schools-can-practice-family-engagement-dismantle-longstanding-educational-inequities/ 
  3. Community schools. NEA. (n.d.). https://www.nea.org/student-success/great-public-schools/community-schools 
  4. Everyschool.org. (2024). https://www.everyschool.org/ 
  5. Henderson, A., & Mapp, K. (2022). A new wave of evidence: The impact of school, family, … https://sedl.org/connections/resources/evidence.pdf 
  6. Home. Heed The Children. (2024). https://www.heedthechildren.org/ 
  7. Mediratta, K., Fruchter, N., & Lewis, A. (2022, January). (PDF) organizing for school reform: How communities are … https://www.researchgate.net/publication/234678986_Organizing_for_School_Reform_How_Communities_Are_Finding_Their_Voices_and_Reclaiming_Their_Public_Schools 
  8. Mothers against drunk driving. MADD. (2024, November 16). https://madd.org/ 
  9. Resource Library: Children’s Screen Time Action Network – Boston, MA. Resource Library | Children’s Screen Time Action Network – Boston, MA. (2024). https://screentimenetwork.org/resource-library 
  10. The roles of parent and community engagement … (n.d.). https://iqa.airprojects.org/events/archive/2013-spring-conference/Roles_Engagement_Student_Success.pdf 
  11. Sharma, S., Govindan, R., & Kommu, J. V. S. (2022, March 14). Effectiveness of parent-to-parent support group in reduction of anxiety and stress among parents of children with autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Indian journal of psychological medicine. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9615447/ 
  12. U.S. Department of Education Announces Partnership with Carnegie Corporation of New York and Overdeck Family Foundation to support family engagement. U.S. Department of Education. (2023, March 22). https://www.ed.gov/about/news/press-release/us-department-of-education-announces-partnership-carnegie-corporation-of 
  13. Work groups: Children’s Screen Time Action Network. Work Groups | Children’s Screen Time Action Network. (2024). https://screentimenetwork.org/work-groups  
Phone-Free Schools
  1. Abrahamsson, S. (2024). Smartphone bans, student outcomes and mental health. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4735240 
  2. Adopting a phone-free policy is one of the most impactful steps you can take to enhance student educational outcomes, behavior and well-being. PhoneFree Schools Movement. (2024a). https://phonefreeschoolsmovement.org/administrator-toolkit/ 
  3. Hudgens, L. (2025, January 12). The Research Is In: Schools Banning Cell Phones Is A Huge Success. https://www.boredteachers.com/post/banning-cellphones
  4. Research. PhoneFree Schools Movement. (2024b). https://phonefreeschoolsmovement.org/research/ 
  5. Sample petition. The Anxious Generation. (2024). https://www.theanxiousgeneration.com/sample-petition 
  6. Screen Time Action Network. Fairplay. (2022, March 17). https://fairplayforkids.org/screen-time-action-network/
  7. Ward, A. F., Duke, K., Gneezy, A., & Bos, M. W. (2017). Brain drain: The mere presence of one’s own smartphone reduces available cognitive capacity. Journal of the Association for Consumer Research, 2(2), 140–154. https://doi.org/10.1086/691462
Play to Learn
  1. Haidt, J. (2024). Jonathan Haidt on the Mental-Health Crisis and Smartphones. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w6NfPHrVilc  
  2. LeVos, Dr. J. S. (2022, March 31). Learning through play: Benefits, ideas, and tips for Families. Begin Learning. https://www.beginlearning.com/parent-resources/learning-through-play/ 
  3. Patel, J. (2022, November 11). The Four letter Word(every parent should know). Living Skills in the Schools. https://livingskillsintheschools.org/prevention/the-four-letter-word-every-parent-should-know/ 
  4. Ross, E. (2023, May 17). Embracing learning through play. Harvard Graduate School of Education. https://www.gse.harvard.edu/ideas/usable-knowledge/23/05/embracing-learning-through-play 
  5. Shafer, L. (2018, June 12). Summertime, playtime. Harvard Graduate School of Education. https://www.gse.harvard.edu/ideas/usable-knowledge/18/06/summertime-playtime 
  6. Yogman, M. (2019, November 25). The power of play: How fun and games help children thrive. HealthyChildren.org. https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/power-of-play/Pages/the-power-of-play-how-fun-and-games-help-children-thrive.aspx
  7. Zosh, J., Gaudreau, C., Roberta Golinkoff, & Hirsh-Pasek, K. (2022, Summer). The power of playful learning in the early childhood setting. NAEYC. https://www.naeyc.org/resources/pubs/yc/summer2022/power-playful-learning
Screen Time’s Impact on Learning
  1. Ansine, K. (2023, August 17). How one parent got manipulative edtech out of her child’s classroom. Fairplay. https://fairplayforkids.org/how-one-parent-got-manipulative-edtech-out-of-her-childs-classroom/ 
  2. The benefits of paper-based learning for elementary students. Studies Weekly – Education. Evolved. (2024, April 29). https://www.studiesweekly.com/beyond-screens-the-benefits-of-paper-based-learning-for-elementary-students/#:~:text=Too%20much%20classroom%20screen%20time,ready%2Dto%2Dlearn%20mindset. 
  3. Butler, P., & Farah, H. (2023, July 25). “Put learners first”: UNESCO calls for global ban on smartphones in schools. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jul/26/put-learners-first-unesco-calls-for-global-ban-on-smartphones-in-schools 
  4. Dunckley, V. (2016, March 22). Restricting screens: Why your child won’t get left behind. Psychology Today. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/mental-wealth/201603/restricting-screens-why-your-child-wont-get-left-behind 
  5. The edtech triangle. Everyschool.org. (2024). https://www.everyschool.org/the-edtech-triangle
  6. Global education monitoring report, 2023: technology in education: a tool on whose terms?. Unesdoc.unesco.org. (2023). https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000385723 
  7. Home. EdTech Law Center. (2024, October 1). https://edtech.law/ 
  8. Personal-devices-laptop-use-in-the-Classroom.pdf. (n.d.). https://screenstrong.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Personal-Devices-Laptop-Use-In-the-Classroom.pdf 
  9. Prothero, A. (2023, February 28). Kids’ screen time rose during the pandemic and stayed high. that’s a problem. Education Week. https://www.edweek.org/leadership/kids-screen-time-rose-during-the-pandemic-and-stayed-high-thats-a-problem/2023/02
  10. Technology, P. for S., Dunkley, Dr. V., Gillespie, D., Matthews, J., Kardaras, Dr. N., Bauerlein, M., Cytowic, R. E., Greenfield, Dr. S., & Freed, Dr. R. (2024, January 17). Two veteran teachers expose how technology overuse is making our kids dumber. Screen Schooled. https://screenschooled.com/
Social Media Use By Schools
  1. Haidt, J. (2024). Social Media. Jonathan Haidt. https://jonathanhaidt.com/social-media/ 
  2. Prothero, A. (2024, February 1). School District lawsuits against social media companies are piling up. Education Week. https://www.edweek.org/policy-politics/school-district-lawsuits-against-social-media-companies-are-piling-up/2024/01 
  3. Social Media Harms. (2024). Social Media Harms. https://socialmediaharms.org/ 
  4. Twenge, J. M. (2023, October 24). Here are 13 other explanations for the adolescent mental health crisis. none of them work. Here are 13 Other Explanations For The Adolescent Mental Health Crisis. None of Them Work. https://www.afterbabel.com/p/13-explanations-mental-health-crisis
  5. The U.S. Surgeon General’s Advisory. (2023). Social Media and Youth Mental Health. https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/sg-youth-mental-health-social-media-advisory.pdf
Student Data Privacy
  1. Cherkin, E. (2021, January 3). The Student Data Privacy Project. https://www.studentdataprivacyproject.com/
  2. Keierleber, M. (2022, July 24). After huge illuminate data breach, Ed Tech’s “student privacy pledge” under fire. Yahoo! News. https://www.yahoo.com/news/huge-illuminate-data-breach-ed-190000121.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS8&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJAN5OV1u__qbiNKAOVnN92Cw8VP-3JFedR7AvwMsWwxuUTmNf7oDJ_HKt4ithON9MOhEmwdfvSL0xgSPiJ8GpadBq0ANJTCyXEwVmj7sGXAAWMKgT-G6rD8LzaGf-ITDonteh0eBoEvBF5zm5emuz92ScoAJ1j_zmobMkiLw847
Screens, Schools and Equity
  1. Bowen, J. (2021, October 21). Why is it important for students to feel a sense of belonging at school? “students choose to be in environments that make them feel a sense of fit,” says associate professor Deleon Gray. College of Education News. https://ced.ncsu.edu/news/2021/10/21/why-is-it-important-for-students-to-feel-a-sense-of-belonging-at-school-students-choose-to-be-in-environments-that-make-them-feel-a-sense-of-fit-says-associate-professor-deleon-gra/
  2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2024, May 16). Risk and protective factors. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/aces/risk-factors/index.html 
  3. Collaborative learning: Center for teaching innovation. Collaborative Learning | Center for Teaching Innovation. (n.d.). https://teaching.cornell.edu/teaching-resources/active-collaborative-learning/collaborative-learning#:~:text=Why%20use%20collaborative%20learning?%20Research%20shows%20that,thinking%2C%20oral%20communication%2C%20self%2Dmanagement%2C%20and%20leadership%20skills. 
  4. Costas, A. (2024). Personal devices and technology impacting students learning abilities. Technology Where it Started and Where its Going. https://opentextbooks.clemson.edu/sts1010fidlerfall2021/chapter/personal-devices-and-technology-impacting-students-learning-abilities/#term_74_704 
  5. Education equity. OECD. (n.d.). https://www.oecd.org/en/topics/policy-issues/education-equity.html#:~:text=Equitable%20education%20systems%20ensure%20that%20every%20student,have%20equal%20chances%20for%20success%20in%20the 
  6. Gupta, S. (2019, March 19). The Learning Gap Between Rich and Poor Students Hasn’t Changed In Decades. Science News. https://www.sciencenews.org/article/learning-gap-rich-poor-students-remains-high 
  7. Hicks, T. (2023, December). The effect of reading habits on academic success. https://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1406&context=gradprojects 
  8. Keierleber, M. (2022, July 24). After huge illuminate data breach, Ed Tech’s “student privacy pledge” under fire. Yahoo! News. https://www.yahoo.com/news/huge-illuminate-data-breach-ed-190000121.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS8&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJAN5OV1u__qbiNKAOVnN92Cw8VP-3JFedR7AvwMsWwxuUTmNf7oDJ_HKt4ithON9MOhEmwdfvSL0xgSPiJ8GpadBq0ANJTCyXEwVmj7sGXAAWMKgT-G6rD8LzaGf-ITDonteh0eBoEvBF5zm5emuz92ScoAJ1j_zmobMkiLw847 
  9. Rimm-Kaufman, S., & Sandilos, L. (2024). Improving students’ relationships with teachers to provide essential supports for learning. PsycEXTRA Dataset. https://doi.org/10.1037/e501992017-001 
  10. Singer, N. (2023, September 6). Dependence on tech caused “staggering” education inequality, U.N. Agency says. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/06/technology/unesco-report-remote-learning-inequity.html 
  11. Social Learning Theory in Education: How to create Collaborative Learning Environments (2024). Disco. (n.d.). https://www.disco.co/blog/social-learning-theory-in-education#:~:text=The%20Significance%20of%20Social%20Learning,their%20communication%20and%20teamwork%20skills 
  12. Soika, B. (2020, March 19). Seven effective ways to promote equity in the classroom. USC Rossier School of Education. https://rossier.usc.edu/news-insights/news/seven-effective-ways-promote-equity-classroom
  13. Subramaniam, J. S. G. (2023, April 9). Family and community engagement: The key to creating a positive school climate. LinkedIn. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/family-community-engagement-key-creating-positive-guru-subramaniam/
  14. Thornberg, R., Forsberg, C., Hammar Chiriac, E., & Bjereld, Y. (2020). Teacher–student relationship quality and student engagement: A sequential explanatory mixed-methods study. Research Papers in Education, 37(6), 840–859. https://doi.org/10.1080/02671522.2020.1864772